Advances in Skin Substitutes—Potential of Tissue Engineered Skin for Facilitating Anti-Fibrotic Healing
نویسندگان
چکیده
Skin protects the body from exogenous substances and functions as a barrier to fluid loss and trauma. The skin comprises of epidermal, dermal and hypodermal layers, which mainly contain keratinocytes, fibroblasts and adipocytes, respectively, typically embedded on extracellular matrix made up of glycosaminoglycans and fibrous proteins. When the integrity of skin is compromised due to injury as in burns the coverage of skin has to be restored to facilitate repair and regeneration. Skin substitutes are preferred for wound coverage when the loss of skin is extensive especially in the case of second or third degree burns. Different kinds of skin substitutes with different features are commercially available; they can be classified into acellular skin substitutes, those with cultured epidermal cells and no dermal components, those with only dermal components, and tissue engineered substitutes that contain both epidermal and dermal components. Typically, adult wounds heal by fibrosis. Most organs are affected by fibrosis, with chronic fibrotic diseases estimated to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. In the skin, fibroproliferative disorders such as hypertrophic scars and keloid formation cause cosmetic and functional problems. Dermal fibroblasts are understood to be heterogeneous; this may have implications on post-burn wound healing since studies have shown that superficial and deep dermal fibroblasts are anti-fibrotic and pro-fibrotic, respectively. Selective use of superficial dermal fibroblasts rather than the conventional heterogeneous dermal fibroblasts may prove beneficial for post-burn wound healing.
منابع مشابه
Advances in Skin Regeneration Using Tissue Engineering
Tissue engineered skin substitutes for wound healing have evolved tremendously over the last couple of years. New advances have been made toward developing skin substitutes made up of artificial and natural materials. Engineered skin substitutes are developed from acellular materials or can be synthesized from autologous, allograft, xenogenic, or synthetic sources. Each of these engineered skin...
متن کاملEngineered skin substitutes: practices and potentials.
Wound healing can be problematic in several clinical settings because of massive tissue injury (burns), wound healing deficiencies (chronic wounds), or congenital conditions and diseases. Engineered skin substitutes have been developed to address the medical need for wound coverage and tissue repair. Currently, no engineered skin substitute can replace all of the functions of intact human skin....
متن کاملComparison of advanced therapy medicinal product gingiva and skin substitutes and their in vitro wound healing potentials
Skin and oral mucosa substitutes are a therapeutic option for closing hard-to-heal skin and oral wounds. Our aim was to develop bi-layered skin and gingiva substitutes, from 3 mm diameter biopsies, cultured under identical conditions, which are compliant with current European regulations for advanced therapy medicinal products. We present in vitro mode of action methods to (i) determine viabili...
متن کاملMM.06.018 Bio Engineered Skin and Soft Tissue Substitutes 070114
Bio-engineered skin and soft tissue substitutes may be either acellular or cellular. Acellular products (i.e., cadaveric human dermis with cellular material removed) contain a matrix or scaffold composed of materials such as collagen, hyaluronic acid, and fibronectin. Cellular products contain living cells such as fibroblasts and keratinocytes within a matrix. The cells contained within the mat...
متن کاملTissue-Engineered Skin Substitutes - 06/12
Tissue-engineered skin substitutes may be either acellular or cellular. Acellular products (i.e., cadaveric human dermis with cellular material removed) contain a matrix or scaffold composed of materials such as collagen, hyaluronic acid, and fibronectin. Cellular products contain living cells such as fibroblasts and keratinocytes within a matrix. The cells contained within the matrix may be au...
متن کامل